B. H. Roberts wrote
that John Taylor was a Methodist preacher in England and Canada. Is this
the only source for that information? Neither Methodist sources nor contemporary
Mormon accounts support the claim. |
Taylor
a Methodist preacher in England |
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According to B. H. Roberts, "At
the age of seventeen [John Taylor] was made a Methodist exhorter, or local
preacher." Traveling down a road with a companion one day, he stopped
suddenly and remarked, "I have a strong impression on my mind, that
I have to go to America to preach the Gospel!" |
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Life of Taylor, 30, |
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At age twenty, he moved to Hale and: |
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To
Canada |
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started business for himself, under the auspices of his father. Shortly
after this, in 1830, his father and family emigrated to Upper Canada,
leaving him to dispose of some unsold property and settle the affairs
of the estate. |
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Life of Taylor,
2829. |
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In about two years he completed the whole business entrusted to him and
followed them. While crossing the British channel the ship he sailed in
encountered severe storms, which lasted a number of days. He saw [29]
several ships wrecked in that storm, and the captain and officers of his
own ship expected hourly that she would go down. |
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Shipboard
confirmation of calling |
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But not so with our young emigrant. The voice of the Spirit was still
saying within him, "You must yet go to America and preach the gospel." |
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"So confident was I of my destiny," he remarks, "that
I went on deck at midnight, and amidst the raging elements felt as calm
as though I was sitting in a parlor at home. I believed I should reach
America and perform my work." |
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Landing in New York, he remained there and in Brooklyn and Albany a few
months before going on to Toronto, Upper Canada, where he was to rejoin
his parents. |
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Toronto
Preaching under church auspices |
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After his arrival in Toronto he connected himself with the Methodists
in that city, and began preaching under the auspices of their church organization. |
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Arrival
coincidental with Joseph Fielding |
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Depending on when his family left
in 1830, and how long "about two years" and "a few months"
were, John would have arrived in York (later Toronto) in 1832 or more likely
1833about the same time Joseph and Mercy Fielding arrived, or within
the next few months. |
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Fielding's
account |
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The dating is important because Joseph,
who wrote at some length about their joint study group, conversion, and
subsequent ministries, never refers to John as a Methodist preacher, exhorter,
circuit rider, or anything of the sort. |
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Parley
P. Pratt account |
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Nor does Parley P. Pratt, who refers
to John frequently in his account of the Toronto mission. |
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Parley P. Pratt, 172188. |
Taylor
assisted in Pratt work |
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Incidentally, in the Preface to the
first edition of his father's Autobiography (1873), Parley P. Pratt
Jr. wrote, "In editing the work I have been kindly assisted by the
author's personal friend, Elder John Taylor, to whom I feel deeply indebted."
Taylor had the opportunity to correct his fellow apostle's reminiscence with
respect to himself, but there is no mention in that volume of "Mr.
Taylor" ever being a Methodist preacher. |
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Jenson
account |
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The first volume of Andrew Jenson's
Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, was published in 1901,
nine years after Roberts' biography. In the first volume Jenson says John's
parents |
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Mention
of ministry in England |
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were members of the Church of England, and he was brought up in the
doctrines of that church until he was about fifteen years old. He then
joined the Methodists, and was soon after appointed a local preacher,
and continued as such until he left England about the year 1828 or 1829.
His father's family had left about two years previously and gone to the
neighborhood of the city of Toronto, upper Canada. After a short residence
in New York, Brooklyn and Albany, he visited his parents in Canada, and
took up his residence at Toronto. |
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Biographical Encyclopedia 1:14. |
Jenson
timetable |
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According to Jenson, John left England
in 1828 or 1829, four or five years earlier than Roberts suggestswhich
leaves a window of opportunity during which he could have acted as a preacher
without the knowledge of Joseph Fielding or Parley Pratt, who arrived later.
They are plausible yearsJohn, born November 1, 1808, would have been
in his late teens when his parents left and nineteen or twenty when he made
the voyage. |
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Jenson
rely on Roberts? |
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Did Jenson have information independent
of Roberts about John being a preacher in England or did he rely on Roberts?
In either case, why does he not include anything about his being a preacher
in Canada? Because it is not important, or because he questioned the legitimacy
of Roberts' claim? |
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Roberts
clear |
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Roberts makes a forthright statement
that in Toronto, John "began preaching under the auspices of their
church organization," that Leonora Taylor "frequently accompanied
her husband in filling his appointments to preach on the Sabbath"appointments
beyond the responsibilities of a class leaderand, "as a preacher
in the Methodist church, both in England and Canada, he was very successful,
and made many converts." |
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Life of Taylor
,
29, 30. |
Methodist
conference |
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Roberts also gives a detailed description
of the 1835 or 1836 conference in which several preachers gave up their
licenses to preach but retained their membership in the church: |
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Heterodoxy
hearing |
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The leading men in the Methodist church called a special conference to
consider the principles of these heterodox brethren. The meeting was called
and presided over by some of the most prominent leaders in the Methodist
persuasion [33] in Canada, among whom were the Rev. Mr. Ryarson [Ryerson]
and Rev. Mr. Lord, of the British conference. The hearing was not a trial
pro forma, but rather a friendly discussion of those principles held by
the brethren in question. |
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Life of Taylor,
3233.
Egerton Ryserson established the Methodist weekly, Christian Guardian, in 1829. He and his younger brother, George, were influential Methodist ministers. Catholic Apostolic Church, 112–114. |
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The hearing continued through several days; and in the debates the "heterodox"
held their own against the learning and talent of the church leaders;
and at the conclusion of the investigation expressed themselves as being
more fully confirmed in their doctrines since their learned opponents
had been unable to refute them by the word of God. The conclusion reached
by the conference was thus stated by the president:
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Council's
decision |
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Brethren, we esteem you as brethren and gentlemen; we believe you are
sincere, but cannot fellowship your doctrine. Wishing, however, to concede
all we can, we would say: You may believe your doctrines if you will not
teach them; and we will still retain you in fellowship as members, leaders
and preachers. |
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Dissidents
withdraw from preaching |
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These conditions the "heterodox"
could not conscientiously comply with, so they were deprived of their offices
but retained as members. Since they considered the Methodist Church without
authority, taking from them their offices was not regarded by them as a
hardship. |
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Joseph Fielding may have been referring
to the rule laid down by this conference when he wrote, |
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Preacher
recants |
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as my house was a home for the Methodist preachers, one of the more prominent
of them began to see these things and to preach accordingly, until he
was threatened with expulsion, and rather than give up his living he consented
to let those things alone, and preach like the rest of them, and he afterwards
became a persecutor of the Saints. |
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¶
Joseph Fielding to the Millennial Star, 1841 |
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Joseph sets this during his and his
friends' early investigation of Mormonism under Parley P. Pratt (AprilMay
1836), but the setting is also suitable for the purge of heterodox Methodists
in 1835 or 1836. |
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Methodist
sources |
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To return to the conference described
by Roberts, there was an annual Methodist conference held on June 10, 1835
in Hamilton (the southern-most tip of Lake Ontario), |
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1835
conference |
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The first hour, eight to nine o'clock, was spent in prayer. The Rev.
William Lord, appointed President by the British Conference, was welcomed
to the chair, and the great service he had rendered during the year was
gratefully acknowledged. The Rev. Egerton Ryerson was elected Secretary.
In addition to the regular services there was preaching every morning
at five o'clock and in the evening at 7.30. |
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Canadian Methodism,
354.
Adolphus Egerton Ryerson (Mar. 24, 1803–Feb 19, 1882) was born and died in Upper Canada. Joined the Episcopalian Methodist Church at age 18 and became a circuit rider. |
Roberts
has two names right |
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Lord and Ryerson, the chief players
named by Roberts, are in attendance. As usual, John is not included in the
list of preachers for the year, but, as usual, William Patrick, leader of
the study group, is listed. |
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1863
conference |
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The next year's conference was held in Belleville, toward the eastern
end of Lake Ontario, almost due north of Palmyra, New York. It commenced
June 8, 1836 (well into Parley P. Pratt's extraordinary success in Toronto). |
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Ceased
to travel at own request |
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Rev. William Lord, the President, was in the chair; Rev. William Case
was elected Secretary, with Rev. Ephraim Evans as assistant.
Ceased to travel: Alexander Irvine, William Patrick, James Richardson,
John S. Atwoodat their own request. |
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Ibid,
379. |
Timing |
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"Ceased to travel" is a
unique category in the list of preachers, occurring only in this entry. The
renegade preachers have stepped down of their own volition, as Roberts indicated.
This appears to have occurred between the 1835 and 1836 conferences, possibly
right after the 1835 conference while Lord and Ryerson were both available. |
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Issue
unresolved |
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Do Roberts' correct details on the
heterodox matter give credence to the assertion that John Taylor was a preacher
and that he was present when the ultimatum was given? or did Patrick report
the the meeting to the study group and Taylor heard them second-hand? |
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How much did Roberts get directly
from Taylor before his death in 1887, and how much did he "fill in
the blanks" in the deceased President's papers for the 1892 biography? |
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Upper Canada
Missions
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