The Trials of Young Joseph F. Smith (7) |
Joseph and Levira struggle
with illness, depression, "worldly" influences, and ultimately divergent
objectives; Joseph marries Julina Lambson "not for love," but Julina
is confident "he will learn to love me;" ordination as an apostle;
painful separation and divorce.
Except where noted, primary
sources are in the Joseph F. Smith Papers.
these death dealing, love destroying thingsangry words | ||||
Levira's condition serious | Levira was still sick, still living
at George A.'s. Joseph took her back to her mother's boarding house, but
her condition worsened to the point that George A. feared "the prospects
of her recovery are not very brilliant." |
GAS to John L. Smith, August 29, 1863 and to John Smith, October 10, 1863, Historian's Office Letterpress. | ||
6
weeks without sleep Levira unstrung |
For six weeks Joseph rarely left her side and had not a single hour of uninterrupted sleep. Levira described it as "that terrible spell of sickness, six weeks, [during which] I never slept a wink, and my nerves were completely unstrung, so that I could not hold a pin, and was sometimes out of my mind." It seems likely she was experiencing an acute episode of mania. | JFS
to BY, August, 25, 1864, Brigham Young Papers;
JFS to B. H. Watts, August 12, 1875. mania: See note >. |
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Basic sources: 1867 letters to Brigham Young | Everything we know of those weeks
is contained in Levira's 1867 letter to Brigham Young and Joseph's response: |
Both documents are in the Brigham Young incoming correspondence, reel 74. Levira's is not dated; Joseph's (which follows immediately) is dated August 25, 1867. A note on the back of his letter indicates it was received September 18, 1867. | ||
Levira: manure for brains | Levira accused him of using "cruel
expressions.
Said I ought to have a hole, bored in the top of my
head and some manure put into it for brains." |
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Joseph: only a joke | Joseph responded that it was only "a joke," | |||
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Levira: struck me with a rope | One evening, Levira recalled, Joseph went out to help her mother build a chicken coop, warning | |||
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In an 1864 letter Levira made a similar complaint. For three and a half years she had "patiently waited for one kind true friend to return to me to whom I could tell all my troubles and sufferings, and who would listen to sooth, comfort, and dispell all those clouds and sorrows from my heart." Instead, Joseph "could or did not comfort me. You acted as tho you hated me because I was sick and helpless. You tormented me, laughed at me, and Oh! I blush to say it, struck me. The act did not wound my body, but my feelings and pride I must learn to bow to you, however inconsistant you might be even if it cost my life." LAS to JFS, incomplete letter, n.d. | |||
Joseph: she was insane or possessed | Joseph countered Levira was, "to
all intents and purposes, insane or possessed, and I had to treat her as
I would a wilful and disobedient child. There was no one but me that could
do anything with her." Sometimes he had to use force "to prevent
her doing herself injury, and to compel her to take medicine and food."
On the evening in question he left to stow away some vegetables in the cellar,
charging her strictly to lie still, "for I knew that at the least noise
she did not understand, and often at imaginary noises, she would jump out
of bed and more than likely run out of doors in her night clothes, as she
had many times attempted to do." |
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After only a few minutes he heard
her get up, cross the room, and open the window. He rushed back to find
her looking out the window at a band playing "Dixie" in front
of Gilbert & Company's boarding house across the street. To get her
back into bed he struck heronly twicenot with a rope, but with
"a peach limb not as large around as the butt of an office pencil."
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Joseph's challenge | Joseph, twenty-three, was trying
to care for a highly agitated young wife whom he hardly knew, certainly
not in this condition, sometimes, by her own statement, out of her mind,
other times more "jocular" than he had ever seen herbut
always so high-strung and erratic he dared not, or could not, sleep. Considering
his hot temper, and his tendency to depression (which often includes a component
of heightened irritability), his was a herculean effort, emotionally and
physically. |
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Finances | Afterwards, the couple had three
peaceful, albeit financially strapped months. Brigham Young had publicly
proposed that the Saints donate $1,000 help get Joseph get started in life.
Brigham himself contributed $50 and others donated small amounts, molasses,
a parlor stove, and a pony. He sold the pony and used the cash to help defray
the expense of his next mission. This time, with three other veterans to
assist Elders Ezra T. Benson and Lorenzo Snow retake the Hawaiian mission
from adventurer Walter Murray Gibson. President Young suggested Levira might
go too, if she thought the change in climate might be good for her. |
next
mission: "Shining Lights," 170. On Gibson see "Shepherd Saint," and "Another Visit." good for her: Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball to JFS, W. W. Cluff, and John R. Young, November 10, 1864, typescript, Brigham Young Papers, 346-348; George A. Smith to William W. Cluff, January 27, 1864, Historian's Office Letterpress. |
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Joseph to Hawaii | Joseph left on March 2, 1864. For
reasons unknown, Levira did not accompany him. But her mother's sister,
Derinda (or Dorinda), visited Salt Lake in the summer and offered to take
Levira to San Francisco, where she and her husband Hazen Kimball would look
after her. Brigham and Heber C. Kimball (no relation to Hazen) blessed Levira,
and she arrived in San Francisco in September. |
March
2, 1864: Deseret News, June 1, 1864. September: On August 6, 1864, J. C. Rich wrote Joseph that Levira planned to leave Salt Lake with Dorinda "next Tuesday,"(August 9). "I am in a sort of quadery," Joseph wrote Samuel H. B. Smith on September 14. He still did not know whether Levira was in San Francisco or not. Samuel H. B. Smith collection. |
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Joseph returns | After completing his mission in the
islands, Joseph returned to San Francisco on November 5 and went to the
Kimball home, only to learn that Levira was visiting her uncle, Derinda's
brother, in the country. She did not return for a week, and by then Joseph
was in no mood to be trifled withnor would Levira be dictated to.
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JFS
diary, November 5, 1864. |
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Joseph: begrudging consent | "If you had felt right, or enjoyed the good spirit," he later scolded, | |||
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JFS to LAS, March 14, 1865. | |||
Snowed
in at Dutch Flats Joseph: she wanted to return, I arranged it |
On November 24 they boarded a Salt
Lake bound train in Sacramento. Sixty miles later, in the high Sierras at
Dutch Flats, they were snowed in. Levira became ill and wanted to go back.
"I saw you did not want to come and I was determined you should have
your own way /at the sacrifice of my own feelings/," Joseph wrote,
so he arranged for her return. After a two- to three-day delay, they took
separate trains for San Francisco and Salt Lake. |
JFS to LAS, March 14, 1865. | ||
Levira's illnesses | Before parting he urged her to
stay with her aunt, Agness Coolbrith Pickett and her daughter Ina, rather
than the Kimballs. But after a few weeks there, Levira decided she could
not abide Mr. Pickett's anti-Mormon tirades and moved back to the Kimballs.
She had some teeth pulled and cavities filled, then began to complain of
neuralgia, kidney problems, and bronchitis, and chronic nervousness. A doctor
diagnosed an "ulcerated womb" that hemorrhaged in March 1865.
It might, he thought, have been a miscarriage. For several months thereafter
Levira suffered heavy, debilitating menstrual flows. Three successive doctors
variously prescribed whiskey and water (three times a day); electric charges;
nerve tonic and pills; morning walks, light meals, and tepid baths. |
Coolbrith:
Agnes Moulton Coolbrith Pickett was the widow of Don Carlos Smith, who died
August 7, 1841. Ina: Agnes and Don Carlos' daughter, Josephine Donna, was Joseph's favorite childhood cousin. JFS to Lucy W. Kimball, March 6, 1884. [Levira's illnesses]: LAS to JFS, December 8, 21, 25, 1864; January 2, 6, 19, 21, March 13, 19, April 7, 10, 14, 23, 29, 1865; and undated letter beginning, "I did not get this done in time to go last night." |
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Work
at Historian's Office Ina Coolbrith: hypochondriac, attends balls |
In Salt Lake, Joseph was hired to do clerical work in the Church Historian's Office. He wrote Ina asking her to keep tabs on his wife. Ina thought Levira was a "hypochondriac." Despite her illnesses, Ina wrote, Levira had been seen at various places of amusement and attended "common balls to which anyone who paid their dollar was admitted." | Office:
Historian's Office Journal, January 22, 1865. Ina Coolbrith to JFS, January 3, June 21, 1865. Maureen Ursenbach Beecher generously shared Ina's letters to JFS with me in the 1970s. Later they were incorporated into the Joseph F. Smith Papers. |
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Joseph's suspicions | When Joseph suggested to Levira
that her protracted stay might be due to something other than ill health,
she was infuriated: |
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Levira insulted |
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LAS to JFS, January 24, April 7, 1865. | ||
Levira refuses mother | Joseph's misgivings may have been
reinforced by her insistence that her mother not come to California, that
it would be a needless expense, and she would be home soona "soon"
that never seemed to materialize. |
LAS to JFS, April 10, 16, 1865; and his undated letter to Brigham Young op cit. | ||
Historical
work His letters missing Feeling blue |
Meanwhile, in the Historian's Office,
Joseph worked six days a week compiling the history of the church for 185253,
and recording Endowment House ordinances. His letters to Levira for this
period have been lostat least they were not with his other papers
in the 1970sbut from her letters it appears he was troubled by Levira's
attitude about returning to Salt Lake. He missed her and was feeling blue.
On June 16 she wrote: |
ordinances: Historian's Office Journal, January 22, 1865 and following entries. | ||
Levira:
people here are good |
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Cheer
up Don't work so hard Tease |
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Joseph
a hermit Levira: go out with friends |
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You are not a fool |
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We should travel |
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Tease |
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Will not leave you |
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Levira
returns after a year Joseph's new responsibilities |
Two months later, Levira returned.
She had been in San Francisco almost a year, and she had changed. She had
discovered a fashionable world of comfort and entertainment, and she liked
it. Joseph was focused on his church and civic responsibilities. He had
been elected to the city council and territorial House of Representatives,
and served on the stake high council. Levira was bored. They argued. After
one stormy confrontation Levira wrote, |
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Levira's
apology Angry words Quick and impulsive nature |
You were very angry this morning.
You said I made you so, true I did talk unwise to you for which I
am sory and I ask you to forgive me for all I said this morning and
for every other offence that I ever gave you in my life. I would to heaven
that I never had given you any offence that no angry or unkind word had
ever escaped from my lips to you Joseph that no hard feelings had ever arisen
between you and me and from this time I say let us drop them forever and
indulge no more in these death dealing, love destroying thingsangry
words. In the name of Levira I will from this very hour try to improve
in word and deed, and subdew my quick and impulsive nature. |
LAS to JFS, November 20, 1865. | ||
Carriage
riding Joseph: above her station |
But when the snow began to melt in
1866, Levira was anxious to get out of the house. "Through her importunities,
and continual teasing for a carriage and carriage riding," Joseph recalled,
he agreed to buy a third interest in a second-hand carriage. "After
this I heard nothing but buggy,' Take me out,' I need
to ride.' You've got a carriage take me out,' &c. &c."
Exasperated, Joseph exclaimed he "wished the carriage was smashed,"
and accused her of harboring "ideas above her station." |
Undated letter to Brigham Young, op cit. | ||
Joseph: had to set foot down very firm | I am sorry to have to say I have been under the necessity of setting my foot down very firm at times," Joseph confessed, | |||
Never
obeyed cheerfully Troubles began with California visit |
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he will learn to love me | ||||
Julina Lambson | While clerking in the Church Historian's
Office (George Albert Smith's home), Joseph naturally made the acquaintance
of Bathsheba's eighteen-year-old niece, Julina Lambson, who lived in the
home. Her parents, who lived just two blocks away, were unable to support
four children, so Julina lived mostly with her aunt. |
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Erastus
Snow's urging Brigham Young's urging |
For some time apostle Erastus Snow
had been urging Joseph to take a plural wife, so when Julina returned from
a six-month visit to relatives in Fillmore, "he [Joseph] did not lose
any time
in finding out whether or not I had found a companion for
life.
President Young had advised him [to get a wife] and he had
told him a number of times, so he thought he should obey. I have always
thought that the President would have liked him to marry one of his [Brigham
Young's] girls. And I know he could have had any girl he knew for the asking." |
Erastus Snow "was one of the most persistent and strenuous advocates of the doctrine to me personally in the days of my youth, and by whose urgent appeals I entered into its practice much sooner than I otherwise would; and to whom I owe directly my good fortune of marrying, when I did, my wife Julina." JFS to Susa Young Gates, August 1, 1889. | ||
Julina:
Get permission from George A. Mother: He is not marrying you for love Julina: He will learn to love me |
Julina's reply to Joseph's proposal
was, "Ask my mother and Uncle George. I would not marry the best man
living without his consent." George A. readily gave his blessing, but
Julina's mother "knew how much he [Joseph] thought of his wife Levira,
and she said, Julina, Joseph has a wife whom he loves and he is not
marrying you for love.' I answered, Mother, I love him and if I am
good he will learn to love me. He is the only man I have ever seen that
I could love as a husband.'" |
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After years of angry confrontation,
"Joseph has a wife whom he loves," she warned. Joseph would never
be attracted to another woman the way he was to Levira, and Julina wisely
recognized the difference in his feelings for them. He was passionate about
Levira, but Julina was the better match, and learn to love her he did. |
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Marriage
to Julina Levira performed nobly and good |
They were married on May 5, 1866.
Levira acceded Joseph acknowledged, "performed her whole duty most
nobly and good, for which I am thankful," then adding, "far more
on her own account than on mine. I have had no other object in view than
to obey counsel and benefit Vira as much or more than myself."
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JFS to Samuel H. B. Smith, June 13, 1866, Samuel H. B. Smith collection. | ||
Joseph ordained apostle | Two months later, on July 1, 1866,
he was ordained an apostle. (The ordination was not made public, there not
being a vacancy in the Council of the Twelve.) |
Untitled document beginning "On Sunday afternoon July 1, 1866, President Brigham Young . . ." in the Brigham Young Papers. | ||
you are to be pitied, and I forgive you | ||||
Joseph
travels to the south, north, south Levira, ill, moves to mother's Attends Alexander's lectures |
On July 24 he set off with traveling
bishop A. M. Musser on a two-week tour of the southern settlements, followed
by a month in the north, then back south for three weeks. Levira, ever restless,
moved back to her mother's. For several months she had lacked the energy
to make her bed or clean the room, but while Joseph was gone, she attended
the lectures of cousin Alexander H. Smith, the Prophet's son, who was visiting
Salt Lake on behalf of the RLDS Church. |
three
weeks: Historian's Office Journal, July 24, 1866; JFS to George Nebeker,
December 24, 1866. she attended: Information about Joseph's and Levira's lives from her move back to her mother's through his apology to Mr. Harris, is drawn from their 1867 letters to Brigham Young, op cit. |
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Levira cool and disrespectful | When Joseph returned in late September
he discovered Levira was not at home, but waited until the next day to go
to her mother's. "She received me with marked disrespect and discourtesy
in the presence of my brother John, S. H. B. Smith, and William Pierce.
I subsequently called several times and her conduct toward me was most petulant
and disrespectful." |
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Levira and Mr. Harris in the dark | On his way to city council meeting
on October 4, Joseph stopped by to retrieve his keys from Levira. The house
was quite dark except for one candle by which he saw her sitting close to
a Mr. Harris. (Levira said he had been reading to her, to which Joseph retorted
if that were so, "it was from a book with raised letters and
he had read by hand.") |
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Joseph's rage | Joseph flew into a rage. According
to Levira, he called her |
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In his own defense, Joseph countered, | ||||
Joseph: could not contain rage, therefore not responsible |
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In making such a bold statement Joseph may have also had in mind the successful defense argument made by George A. Smith in the 1851 murder trial of Howard Egan, who had killed James Monroe, the seducer of his wife: "In this territory it is a principle of mountain common law, that no man can seduce the wife of another without endanger his own life. The man who seduces his neighbor's wife must die, and her nearest relative must kill him! if Howard Egan had not killed that man, he would have been damned by the community for ever, and could not have lived peaceably , without the frown of every man." Journal of Discourses, vol. 1, 97; "Judiciary," 155; Legal History, 217; Comprehensive History 4:135 -36n58. | ||
Joseph was "not responsible
for what [he] said or did" because he was filled with passion. |
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Joseph
seeks reconciliation Levira insists on apology to Mr. Harris |
That night he agreed to give Levira
a divorce. But the next day he returned seeking reconciliation. She insisted
he apologize to Mr. Harris. |
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Studied apology |
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Levira accepted the apology, "and
things went on again as before, although a weight was upon my mind that
almost disheartened me, for I saw where her course would lead her to." |
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Separation
eight months later Joseph: pity you |
Eight months later they separated
for the last time. But the emotional attachment had not dissolved. "I
do not want your things," he wrote Levira, "nor do I wish to deprive
you of one grot that is yours. Neither do I begrudge aught that I have done
for you, tho' you have requited me heartlessly, evil for good. I blame others
[Derinda Kimball] and pitty you." As for the items she believed to
be hers, |
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Joseph:
liar, impudent, impertinent You are to be pitied, and I forgive you |
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He was hurting. Searching for a contemptuous
send-off, he blurted out the words he himself would have found most hurtful,
"You are to be pitied, and I forgive you." |
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Levira files for divorce | Joseph did not acknowledge any responsibility
for the break-up. When it became known that Levira had gone to California
and obtained a divorce on grounds that Joseph had taken a concubine, questions
arose in Salt Lake, to which he replied, |
Levira returned to Salt Lake on June 16, 1871 "in a state of insanity." JFS diary, June 16, 1871. I have not been able to ascertain where or how long she stayed. She died at the home of relatives in the midwest December 18, 1888. | ||
Joseph:
Levira consented We were a harmonious family Levira barren, ill, went to California for health |
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Life,
230-31. Asterisks are Joseph's or his son's. Joseph Fielding Smith added that the divorce was due "interference on the part of relatives," and his father's "continued absence in mission fields and in ecclesiastical duties." |
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Joseph: Levira jealous of Julina | This conflicts with Joseph's 1886
comment to Hawaiian missionaries that he "had paid so much attention
to his first wife that she was unwilling to share his affections with his
second wife. He advised the missionaries to avoid his trouble by bestowing
no more love upon one wife than can be given equally to several.'" |
Fredrick Beesley journal, April 11, 1886. | ||
Levira: Polygamy was the cause | In addition to citing concubinage
in her California petition, Levira wrote RLDS Church president Joseph Smith
III in 1880 intimating that polygamy had been the source of her troubles
with Joseph. Summarizing her complaints President Smith replied, "when
[Joseph] married others you were dissatisfied and after finding the condition
to be unendurable
you left him." |
Joseph Smith III to LAS, February 3, 1880, Joseph Smith III Letterbook vol 2, 486, RLDS Church Library-Archives. Quote courtesy of Buddy Youngreen. | ||
Tragedy | Joseph's relationship with Levira had been complex and painful. The fact that Levira move out twelve weeks after Joseph married Julina suggests that their "associations as a family" were probably not "pleasant and harmonious." However he sorted it out in his own mind, the failure of his eight-year marriage was a tragedy, possibly the greatest trial of his life. | |||
Though Joseph Fielding acknowledged his father's marriage and divorce, he only touched on it in his biography, and other family members have been even more reticent to discuss it. | See Mary Smith Peterson >. | |||