The Trials of Young Joseph F. Smith (7)

Joseph and Levira struggle with illness, depression, "worldly" influences, and ultimately divergent objectives; Joseph marries Julina Lambson "not for love," but Julina is confident "he will learn to love me;" ordination as an apostle; painful separation and divorce.

Except where noted, primary sources are in the Joseph F. Smith Papers.

these death dealing, love destroying things—angry words  
Levira's condition serious   Levira was still sick, still living at George A.'s. Joseph took her back to her mother's boarding house, but her condition worsened to the point that George A. feared "the prospects of her recovery are not very brilliant."
  GAS to John L. Smith, August 29, 1863 and to John Smith, October 10, 1863, Historian's Office Letterpress.
6 weeks without sleep

Levira unstrung
  For six weeks Joseph rarely left her side and had not a single hour of uninterrupted sleep. Levira described it as "that terrible spell of sickness, six weeks, [during which] I never slept a wink, and my nerves were completely unstrung, so that I could not hold a pin, and was sometimes out of my mind." It seems likely she was experiencing an acute episode of mania.   JFS to BY, August, 25, 1864, Brigham Young Papers; JFS to B. H. Watts, August 12, 1875.

mania: See note >.
Basic sources: 1867 letters to Brigham Young   Everything we know of those weeks is contained in Levira's 1867 letter to Brigham Young and Joseph's response:
  Both documents are in the Brigham Young incoming correspondence, reel 74. Levira's is not dated; Joseph's (which follows immediately) is dated August 25, 1867. A note on the back of his letter indicates it was received September 18, 1867.
Levira: manure for brains   Levira accused him of using "cruel expressions. … Said I ought to have a hole, bored in the top of my head and some manure put into it for brains."
 
Joseph: only a joke   Joseph responded that it was only "a joke,"  
 

for in her wanderings she was sometimes more jocular than ever at any other time. And at such times I would joke with her. It was at such a time she was complaining of her brain feeling ‘muddled,' &c. I said, ‘I have sometimes thought that if a hole were bored into your head, and some manure put into it, it might be an improvement, but never mind, you are getting better now.' I am confident she perfectly understood me and knew it was in jest, but has since argued herself into the belief that I meant to insult her, or pretends to so believe to throw blame upon me and excuse her own conduct.

 
Levira: struck me with a rope   One evening, Levira recalled, Joseph went out to help her mother build a chicken coop, warning    
 

if I heard anything unusual, not to get up or look out. They had been out a long time. It seemed two hours to me, and I was very tired, and anxious for someone to come in. Just then a band of music came along and stopped to play in front of our house. So I raised one corner of the blind and looked out of the window. Joseph … immediately came in with a rope, which he doubled four or five times, and struck me five or six times across my back notwithstanding I begged of him not to strike me and said I was sorry that I had disobeyed him.

  In an 1864 letter Levira made a similar complaint. For three and a half years she had "patiently waited for one kind true friend to return to me to whom I could tell all my troubles and sufferings, and who would listen to sooth, comfort, and dispell all those clouds and sorrows from my heart." Instead, Joseph "could or did not comfort me. You acted as tho you hated me because I was sick and helpless. You tormented me, laughed at me, and Oh! I blush to say it, struck me. The act did not wound my body, but my feelings and pride … I must learn to bow to you, however inconsistant you might be even if it cost my life." LAS to JFS, incomplete letter, n.d.
Joseph: she was insane or possessed   Joseph countered Levira was, "to all intents and purposes, insane or possessed, and I had to treat her as I would a wilful and disobedient child. There was no one but me that could do anything with her." Sometimes he had to use force "to prevent her doing herself injury, and to compel her to take medicine and food." On the evening in question he left to stow away some vegetables in the cellar, charging her strictly to lie still, "for I knew that at the least noise she did not understand, and often at imaginary noises, she would jump out of bed and more than likely run out of doors in her night clothes, as she had many times attempted to do."
 
  After only a few minutes he heard her get up, cross the room, and open the window. He rushed back to find her looking out the window at a band playing "Dixie" in front of Gilbert & Company's boarding house across the street. To get her back into bed he struck her—only twice—not with a rope, but with "a peach limb not as large around as the butt of an office pencil."
 
Joseph's challenge   Joseph, twenty-three, was trying to care for a highly agitated young wife whom he hardly knew, certainly not in this condition, sometimes, by her own statement, out of her mind, other times more "jocular" than he had ever seen her—but always so high-strung and erratic he dared not, or could not, sleep. Considering his hot temper, and his tendency to depression (which often includes a component of heightened irritability), his was a herculean effort, emotionally and physically.
 
Finances   Afterwards, the couple had three peaceful, albeit financially strapped months. Brigham Young had publicly proposed that the Saints donate $1,000 help get Joseph get started in life. Brigham himself contributed $50 and others donated small amounts, molasses, a parlor stove, and a pony. He sold the pony and used the cash to help defray the expense of his next mission. This time, with three other veterans to assist Elders Ezra T. Benson and Lorenzo Snow retake the Hawaiian mission from adventurer Walter Murray Gibson. President Young suggested Levira might go too, if she thought the change in climate might be good for her.
  next mission: "Shining Lights," 170.

On Gibson see "Shepherd Saint," and "Another Visit."

good for her: Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball to JFS, W. W. Cluff, and John R. Young, November 10, 1864, typescript, Brigham Young Papers, 346-348; George A. Smith to William W. Cluff, January 27, 1864, Historian's Office Letterpress.
Joseph to Hawaii   Joseph left on March 2, 1864. For reasons unknown, Levira did not accompany him. But her mother's sister, Derinda (or Dorinda), visited Salt Lake in the summer and offered to take Levira to San Francisco, where she and her husband Hazen Kimball would look after her. Brigham and Heber C. Kimball (no relation to Hazen) blessed Levira, and she arrived in San Francisco in September.
  March 2, 1864: Deseret News, June 1, 1864.

September: On August 6, 1864, J. C. Rich wrote Joseph that Levira planned to leave Salt Lake with Dorinda "next Tuesday,"(August 9). "I am in a sort of quadery," Joseph wrote Samuel H. B. Smith on September 14. He still did not know whether Levira was in San Francisco or not. Samuel H. B. Smith collection.
Joseph returns   After completing his mission in the islands, Joseph returned to San Francisco on November 5 and went to the Kimball home, only to learn that Levira was visiting her uncle, Derinda's brother, in the country. She did not return for a week, and by then Joseph was in no mood to be trifled with—nor would Levira be dictated to.
  JFS diary, November 5, 1864.

Joseph: begrudging consent   "If you had felt right, or enjoyed the good spirit," he later scolded,  
 

you would have said, Now Joseph, you know I am weak, and I would like to spend a little time here, but whatever you say do, that is right, and that will do! Was it so? No ‘Vira you knew better than I did what was right, you did not ask my counsel, I took the liberty to counsel as I thought it was my right, you were offended, my advice was not welcome, you did not offer to be one, & united with me, regarded coming home as untimely and at last consented in anger, after it had been put off to the latest moment.

  JFS to LAS, March 14, 1865.
Snowed in at Dutch Flats

Joseph: she wanted to return, I arranged it
  On November 24 they boarded a Salt Lake bound train in Sacramento. Sixty miles later, in the high Sierras at Dutch Flats, they were snowed in. Levira became ill and wanted to go back. "I saw you did not want to come and I was determined you should have your own way /at the sacrifice of my own feelings/," Joseph wrote, so he arranged for her return. After a two- to three-day delay, they took separate trains for San Francisco and Salt Lake.
  JFS to LAS, March 14, 1865.
Levira's illnesses   Before parting he urged her to stay with her aunt, Agness Coolbrith Pickett and her daughter Ina, rather than the Kimballs. But after a few weeks there, Levira decided she could not abide Mr. Pickett's anti-Mormon tirades and moved back to the Kimballs. She had some teeth pulled and cavities filled, then began to complain of neuralgia, kidney problems, and bronchitis, and chronic nervousness. A doctor diagnosed an "ulcerated womb" that hemorrhaged in March 1865. It might, he thought, have been a miscarriage. For several months thereafter Levira suffered heavy, debilitating menstrual flows. Three successive doctors variously prescribed whiskey and water (three times a day); electric charges; nerve tonic and pills; morning walks, light meals, and tepid baths.
  Coolbrith: Agnes Moulton Coolbrith Pickett was the widow of Don Carlos Smith, who died August 7, 1841.

Ina: Agnes and Don Carlos' daughter, Josephine Donna, was Joseph's favorite childhood cousin. JFS to Lucy W. Kimball, March 6, 1884.

[Levira's illnesses]: LAS to JFS, December 8, 21, 25, 1864; January 2, 6, 19, 21, March 13, 19, April 7, 10, 14, 23, 29, 1865; and undated letter beginning, "I did not get this done in time to go last night."
Work at Historian's Office

Ina Coolbrith: hypochondriac, attends balls
  In Salt Lake, Joseph was hired to do clerical work in the Church Historian's Office. He wrote Ina asking her to keep tabs on his wife. Ina thought Levira was a "hypochondriac." Despite her illnesses, Ina wrote, Levira had been seen at various places of amusement and attended "common balls … to which anyone who paid their dollar was admitted."   Office: Historian's Office Journal, January 22, 1865.

Ina Coolbrith to JFS, January 3, June 21, 1865. Maureen Ursenbach Beecher generously shared Ina's letters to JFS with me in the 1970s. Later they were incorporated into the Joseph F. Smith Papers.
Joseph's suspicions   When Joseph suggested to Levira that her protracted stay might be due to something other than ill health, she was infuriated:
 
Levira insulted  

You insinuate that I have other and private reasons for desireing to remain here which heavens knows my heart I have not, and it is unkind of you to imagine so base and cruel a thing of me, and to upbrade me for circumstances and afflictions which I am powerless to avoide. Oh! If I should accuse you in the same manner, what would you say? and how would you feel, to think I had no more confidence in you.

  LAS to JFS, January 24, April 7, 1865.
Levira refuses mother   Joseph's misgivings may have been reinforced by her insistence that her mother not come to California, that it would be a needless expense, and she would be home soon—a "soon" that never seemed to materialize.
  LAS to JFS, April 10, 16, 1865; and his undated letter to Brigham Young op cit.
Historical work

His letters missing

Feeling blue
  Meanwhile, in the Historian's Office, Joseph worked six days a week compiling the history of the church for 1852–53, and recording Endowment House ordinances. His letters to Levira for this period have been lost—at least they were not with his other papers in the 1970s—but from her letters it appears he was troubled by Levira's attitude about returning to Salt Lake. He missed her and was feeling blue. On June 16 she wrote:
  ordinances: Historian's Office Journal, January 22, 1865 and following entries.
Levira: people here are good

 

You want me to talk plainly to you. What shall I say to you? that I am true to my husband? Yes, in all truth and sincerely, I say it. That I am not fasinated with the Illurements of the world? No I am not. You may think otherwise but I care nothing about the worldly minded foolish people, here or anywhere else unless they are good and that is not often the case tho there are some good kind hearted people. The people here are very free hearted and good to the poor, make presants to friends and acquaintances, and seem very liberal, more so than at home. … I would like to be comfortable, and see my friends so and live to improve the minde and body. One should not be neglected more than the other. I believe in improvement. So do you, so does the world. So far I like it, for I like everything good.

 
Cheer up

Don't work so hard

Tease
 

Now I want you to cheere up, as much as possible. Take good care of yourself and grow young, not old, for if you frightened yourself by looking in the glass, I fear you'll frighten me. I want you to look well, and feel well when I come. Go out and get livened up a little, it will do you good. I fear you stay at home so much and do so much writing [at work] you get blue and brood over all [your] trouble. You must not write steadily. It is hurtful and if a little hurts me a good deal must injure you. If I were you [I] wouldent do it for any body. If you make yourself old and ugly, morose and cross, I will not love you so look out, I give you warning.

 
Joseph a hermit

Levira: go out with friends
 

You lead the life of a hermit, "see nobody, care for no body, go no whare." You do yourself injustice. When friends invite you out why don't you go? I do not want you to stay at home in lonlyness, because I am not there. When I am there if not able to go out, then I will want you to bear me company and we'll have good times "you bet."

 
You are not a fool  

You do your Parents injustice when you say "you are a fool" for they were intelectual both of them, and you are a "chip of the old block," and have no need to be ashamed of yourself.

 
We should travel  

I know whats the matter, and what you want, and what will do you good, and me too. If you had come for me and we could travel togather I would have felt better and you to, a change of scenery and lively company is what you want with a contented, happy, minde.

 
Tease  

I hope you may feel better when I come home, and if you don't I'll get Martha Ann to help me whip you, she used to be pretty strong, and if you are sick, we can manage you I guess, so look out, for a flogging and all sorts of tricks, and don't think you know a "heap" when you don't know anything. If you get the "big head" what will I do with you? I cant immagine unless—by–the–by, I shower your head in cold watter. Maby you'd like it, and then again maby you wouldn't.

 
Will not leave you  

Now drive away those dreary thoughts.

Levira will not from thee part.
Levira will not break thy heart,
My Joseph dear, my Joseph dear.

   
Levira returns after a year

Joseph's new responsibilities
  Two months later, Levira returned. She had been in San Francisco almost a year, and she had changed. She had discovered a fashionable world of comfort and entertainment, and she liked it. Joseph was focused on his church and civic responsibilities. He had been elected to the city council and territorial House of Representatives, and served on the stake high council. Levira was bored. They argued. After one stormy confrontation Levira wrote,
   
Levira's apology

Angry words

Quick and impulsive nature
  You were very angry this morning. You said I made you so, true I did talk unwise to you for which I am sory and I ask you to forgive me for all I said this morning and for every other offence that I ever gave you in my life. I would to heaven that I never had given you any offence that no angry or unkind word had ever escaped from my lips to you Joseph that no hard feelings had ever arisen between you and me and from this time I say let us drop them forever and indulge no more in these death dealing, love destroying thingsangry words. In the name of Levira I will from this very hour try to improve in word and deed, and subdew my quick and impulsive nature.
  LAS to JFS, November 20, 1865.
Carriage riding

Joseph: above her station
  But when the snow began to melt in 1866, Levira was anxious to get out of the house. "Through her importunities, and continual teasing for a carriage and carriage riding," Joseph recalled, he agreed to buy a third interest in a second-hand carriage. "After this I heard nothing but ‘buggy,' ‘Take me out,' ‘I need to ride.' ‘You've got a carriage take me out,' &c. &c." Exasperated, Joseph exclaimed he "wished the carriage was smashed," and accused her of harboring "ideas above her station."
  Undated letter to Brigham Young, op cit.
Joseph: had to set foot down very firm   I am sorry to have to say I have been under the necessity of setting my foot down very firm at times," Joseph confessed,  
Never obeyed cheerfully

Troubles began with California visit
 

generally allowing her to have her own way, as she always felt that I had no right to dictate. And she never once, to the best of my recollection, cheerfully obeyed my counsel. More especially since my return from England, but particularly after her Aunt Derinda visited her from California. Our troubles date from that visit, as our letters will show.

 
he will learn to love me    
Julina Lambson   While clerking in the Church Historian's Office (George Albert Smith's home), Joseph naturally made the acquaintance of Bathsheba's eighteen-year-old niece, Julina Lambson, who lived in the home. Her parents, who lived just two blocks away, were unable to support four children, so Julina lived mostly with her aunt.
 
Erastus Snow's urging

Brigham Young's urging
  For some time apostle Erastus Snow had been urging Joseph to take a plural wife, so when Julina returned from a six-month visit to relatives in Fillmore, "he [Joseph] did not lose any time … in finding out whether or not I had found a companion for life. … President Young had advised him [to get a wife] and he had told him a number of times, so he thought he should obey. I have always thought that the President would have liked him to marry one of his [Brigham Young's] girls. And I know he could have had any girl he knew for the asking."
  Erastus Snow "was one of the most persistent and strenuous advocates of the doctrine to me personally in the days of my youth, and by whose urgent appeals I entered into its practice much sooner than I otherwise would; and to whom I owe directly my good fortune of marrying, when I did, my wife Julina." JFS to Susa Young Gates, August 1, 1889.
Julina: Get permission from George A.

Mother: He is not marrying you for love

Julina: He will learn to love me
  Julina's reply to Joseph's proposal was, "Ask my mother and Uncle George. I would not marry the best man living without his consent." George A. readily gave his blessing, but Julina's mother "knew how much he [Joseph] thought of his wife Levira, and she said, ‘Julina, Joseph has a wife whom he loves and he is not marrying you for love.' I answered, ‘Mother, I love him and if I am good he will learn to love me. He is the only man I have ever seen that I could love as a husband.'"
 
  After years of angry confrontation, "Joseph has a wife whom he loves," she warned. Joseph would never be attracted to another woman the way he was to Levira, and Julina wisely recognized the difference in his feelings for them. He was passionate about Levira, but Julina was the better match, and learn to love her he did.
   
Marriage to Julina

Levira performed nobly and good
  They were married on May 5, 1866. Levira acceded Joseph acknowledged, "performed her whole duty most nobly and good, for which I am thankful," then adding, "far more on her own account than on mine. I have had no other object in view than to obey counsel and benefit ‘Vira as much or more than myself."
  JFS to Samuel H. B. Smith, June 13, 1866, Samuel H. B. Smith collection.
Joseph ordained apostle   Two months later, on July 1, 1866, he was ordained an apostle. (The ordination was not made public, there not being a vacancy in the Council of the Twelve.)
  Untitled document beginning "On Sunday afternoon July 1, 1866, President Brigham Young . . ." in the Brigham Young Papers.
you are to be pitied, and I forgive you  
Joseph travels to the south, north, south

Levira, ill, moves to mother's

Attends Alexander's lectures
  On July 24 he set off with traveling bishop A. M. Musser on a two-week tour of the southern settlements, followed by a month in the north, then back south for three weeks. Levira, ever restless, moved back to her mother's. For several months she had lacked the energy to make her bed or clean the room, but while Joseph was gone, she attended the lectures of cousin Alexander H. Smith, the Prophet's son, who was visiting Salt Lake on behalf of the RLDS Church.
  three weeks: Historian's Office Journal, July 24, 1866; JFS to George Nebeker, December 24, 1866.

she attended: Information about Joseph's and Levira's lives from her move back to her mother's through his apology to Mr. Harris, is drawn from their 1867 letters to Brigham Young, op cit.
Levira cool and disrespectful   When Joseph returned in late September he discovered Levira was not at home, but waited until the next day to go to her mother's. "She received me with marked disrespect and discourtesy in the presence of my brother John, S. H. B. Smith, and William Pierce. I subsequently called several times and her conduct toward me was most petulant and disrespectful."
 
Levira and Mr. Harris in the dark   On his way to city council meeting on October 4, Joseph stopped by to retrieve his keys from Levira. The house was quite dark except for one candle by which he saw her sitting close to a Mr. Harris. (Levira said he had been reading to her, to which Joseph retorted if that were so, "it was from a book with raised letters and he had read by hand.")
 
Joseph's rage   Joseph flew into a rage. According to Levira, he called her
 
   

a d---n whore. A little stain'd illegitimate whore and a liar, and if he ever caught a man in my room again there would be blood shed if he had to swing for it. He threw my chair back against the stove, and opened the front door so that passers-by could hear, and said, madam, if you want a divorce I'll give you one. When I said, very well, I'll take it, this evening. So he left the house.

   
  In his own defense, Joseph countered,  
Joseph: could not contain rage, therefore not responsible  

I was now almost choked with anger and humiliation, and could not contain my rage. I was therefore not responsible for what I said or did. Still, I remember everything distinctly. I do believe that if I had been armed I would have done violence to him, and I told him so. I told her plainly her conduct was "whorish and illegitimate." I did not call her a whore. I asked her if she was not ashamed of herself, and if she thought such conduct was becoming a married woman. And furthermore, whatever she thought of it, I considered it unbecoming and disgraceful, and so long as she was my wife, I would not allow it. And if ever I caught a stranger and a gentile in her bedroom again under such circumstances, there would be blood shed if I swung for it.

  In making such a bold statement Joseph may have also had in mind the successful defense argument made by George A. Smith in the 1851 murder trial of Howard Egan, who had killed James Monroe, the seducer of his wife: "In this territory it is a principle of mountain common law, that no man can seduce the wife of another without endanger his own life. … The man who seduces his neighbor's wife must die, and her nearest relative must kill him!… if Howard Egan had not killed that man, he would have been damned by the community for ever, and could not have lived peaceably , without the frown of every man." Journal of Discourses, vol. 1, 97; "Judiciary," 155; Legal History, 217; Comprehensive History 4:135 -36n58.
  Joseph was "not responsible for what [he] said or did" because he was filled with passion.
 
Joseph seeks reconciliation
Levira insists on apology to Mr. Harris
  That night he agreed to give Levira a divorce. But the next day he returned seeking reconciliation. She insisted he apologize to Mr. Harris.
 
Studied apology  

To this every feeling in me revolted. Nevertheless, after considering the matter, I wrote a studied apology to Mr. Harris, as non-compromising as I could word it, regretting that I had lost my temper and had spoken so harshly to my wife in the presence of a stranger.

 
  Levira accepted the apology, "and things went on again as before, although a weight was upon my mind that almost disheartened me, for I saw where her course would lead her to."
   
Separation eight months later

Joseph: pity you
  Eight months later they separated for the last time. But the emotional attachment had not dissolved. "I do not want your things," he wrote Levira, "nor do I wish to deprive you of one grot that is yours. Neither do I begrudge aught that I have done for you, tho' you have requited me heartlessly, evil for good. I blame others [Derinda Kimball] and pitty you." As for the items she believed to be hers,
 
Joseph: liar, impudent, impertinent

You are to be pitied, and I forgive you
 

I will simply say, you are welcome to your conviction, and your conscience /will/ never accuse you of having told the truth! … I am astounded at the brazen impudence manifested in two lines of your note, that in relation to ‘your cow cherry'!! Contemplating the deliberate affrontery intended, the unparalleled impertinence of such ideas, I do not wonder that you claim blankets and anything else that is not yours!! But words are futile. You are to be pitied, and I forgive you.

 
  He was hurting. Searching for a contemptuous send-off, he blurted out the words he himself would have found most hurtful, "You are to be pitied, and I forgive you."
 
Levira files for divorce   Joseph did not acknowledge any responsibility for the break-up. When it became known that Levira had gone to California and obtained a divorce on grounds that Joseph had taken a concubine, questions arose in Salt Lake, to which he replied,
  Levira returned to Salt Lake on June 16, 1871 "in a state of insanity." JFS diary, June 16, 1871. I have not been able to ascertain where or how long she stayed. She died at the home of relatives in the midwest December 18, 1888.
Joseph: Levira consented

We were a harmonious family

Levira barren, ill, went to California for health
 

My first wife * * * was intimately acquainted from her childhood with the young lady who became my second wife, and it was with their [sic] full knowledge and consent that I entered into plural marriage, my first wife being present as a witness when I took my second wife, and freely gave her consent thereto. Our associations as a family were pleasant and harmonious. It was not until long after the second marriage that my first wife was drawn from us, not on account of domestic troubles, but for other causes. In eight years of wedded life we had no children. She constantly complained of ill health and was as constantly under a doctor's care. She concluded to go to California for her health and before going procured a separation. This all occurred previous to 1868.

  Life, 230-31.

Asterisks are Joseph's or his son's.

Joseph Fielding Smith added that the divorce was due "interference on the part of relatives," and his father's "continued absence … in mission fields and in ecclesiastical duties."
Joseph: Levira jealous of Julina   This conflicts with Joseph's 1886 comment to Hawaiian missionaries that he "had paid so much attention to his first wife that she was unwilling to share his affections with his second wife. He advised the missionaries to avoid his trouble by ‘bestowing no more love upon one wife than can be given equally to several.'"
  Fredrick Beesley journal, April 11, 1886.
Levira: Polygamy was the cause   In addition to citing concubinage in her California petition, Levira wrote RLDS Church president Joseph Smith III in 1880 intimating that polygamy had been the source of her troubles with Joseph. Summarizing her complaints President Smith replied, "when [Joseph] married others you were dissatisfied and after finding the condition to be unendurable … you left him."
  Joseph Smith III to LAS, February 3, 1880, Joseph Smith III Letterbook vol 2, 486, RLDS Church Library-Archives. Quote courtesy of Buddy Youngreen.
Tragedy   Joseph's relationship with Levira had been complex and painful. The fact that Levira move out twelve weeks after Joseph married Julina suggests that their "associations as a family" were probably not "pleasant and harmonious." However he sorted it out in his own mind, the failure of his eight-year marriage was a tragedy, possibly the greatest trial of his life.

 
    Though Joseph Fielding acknowledged his father's marriage and divorce, he only touched on it in his biography, and other family members have been even more reticent to discuss it.   See Mary Smith Peterson >.
       

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